BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY_RA_유재은_0323-180812.mp3

작성일 :  2010-03-23 18:06

이름 : 유재은

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잘 봐주세여 ^^

BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY/

Many psychologists are behavioral psychologists./

This means that they study the ways/

people and animals respond to the world they live in./

Behavioral psychologists usually study behavior/

in planned experiments./

They can control the person's or animal's environment/

and see how the person or animal reacts./

Behavioral psychologists/

are more interested in what their subjects do/

than in what their feelings and thoughts are./

Behavioral psychologists/

often do experiments with animals,/

such as monkeys and rats./

Their experiments with animals/

help behavioral psychologists understand human behavior./

B.F.Skinner was one of the pioneers/

of behavioral psychology./

He was born in 1904/

in the United States./

He did many experiments with animals,/

especially pigeons./

He took the pigeon's random pecking behavior/

and shaped it into a specific behavior./

Skinner used reinforcement techniques/

to do this./

At first, he fed the pigeon/

when it pecked at anything./

Then he fed it when it pecked on the wall/

near a lever./

Then, when the pigeon pecked the lever,/

a door opened and more food appeared./

The pigeon associated pecking the lever/

with getting fed./

The food was positive reinforcement/

for the correct behavior./

Other scientists have used negative reinforcement,/

or punishment, to teach animals./

For example,/

a rat was taught how to run through a maze./

Every time the rat made a wrong turn,/

it got an electric shock/

through the metal floor./

The pigeon learned how to peck at the correct lever/

through good experiences./

The rat learned to run through the maze correctly/

through bad experiences./

Children learn how to behave/

through good and bad experiences too./

For example,/

we use positive reinforcement (praising them)/

when they behave the way we want them to./

We use negative reinforcement (scolding them)/

when they behave in a way/

we don't want them to./

When we do this,/

we are trying to modify children's behavior./

Behavior modification/

can be used to help people/

with bad habits or serious addictions./

For example,/

alcoholics can be given a drug/

that changes the body's response to alcohol./

So, if an alcoholic takes a drink,/

he or she will feel like vomiting./

Eventually, the alcoholic/

will associate alcohol with feeling sick/

and may then stay away from alcohol completely./

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